Certified Pediatric Hematology Oncology Nurse (CPHON) Practice Exam 2025 - Free CPHON Practice Questions and Study Guide

Aplastic anemia is characterized by a reduction in blood cell production resulting from the failure of the bone marrow. The clinical signs associated with this condition stem from the resultant deficiencies in red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

The presence of petechiae and ecchymosis indicates a lack of adequate platelets (thrombocytopenia), which can lead to easy bruising and bleeding. Anemia manifests as pallor and fatigue, reflecting the insufficient red blood cell count responsible for oxygen transport in the body. The fever observed in patients with aplastic anemia may arise from an inadequate white blood cell count (neutropenia), leading to susceptibility to infections. Together, these signs present a clear clinical picture consistent with aplastic anemia, confirming that the listed symptoms are comprehensively linked to this hematologic disorder.

Other options do not align with the typical manifestations of aplastic anemia. For example, hives and rashes might suggest an allergic reaction, while weight gain and excessive thirst typically point to conditions related to fluid balance, such as diabetes. Symptoms like chest pain and shortness of breath could be related to various other medical issues but are not specific to aplastic anemia.